Italy were the first dirty team I ever saw. It was the late 70s, I think I might have been in my first or second year of school, and I knew nothing about Italy. I'd never heard of pizza, spaghetti, Ferraris or Sophia Loren. My first impression of Italy was a football match against England at Wembley and I had never seen such brazen cheating and fouling in football. Nothing in the English league prepared me for it. I remember saying to my dad how can you support such a dirty fouling team? (His answer was that they were playing England so he didn't mind). His coloured my perception of Italy and Italians for a long time. (BTW I like them today...for the most part!)
What made catenaccio so awful was that back then you could foul constantly throughout the match (under most, not all, referees) and not receive a yellow card. To get a red was almost posssible. So when an Italian team got the lead (or when they just wanted a draw) they just fouled their opponents so there would be no flow to the match just a few seconds of play followed by one stoppage after another due to persistent fouling.
Rebaljo:
IIRC there was an uncalled German hand ball on the line in the US match near the end when the Americans were all over them.
Matra2 -
Yes, it was always impossible to watch Italy without exploding into a storm of heavy-duty expletives. The catenaccio, the pulling of shirts, the sly kicks and elbows, the shameless diving, the crumpling to the ground every time an opposing player merely glanced over, the haranguing of the referee, the melodramatic gesticulating and the hands clasped together as if in prayer, the endless disruptions and claims for free kicks - all of this usually remained conveniently unpunished by referees and "tactfully" unmentioned by commentators.
If one examines the history of post-war international football, it is quite apparent that the so-called "powers" of Germany, Italy, Brazil, and Argentina have been the beneficiaries of refereeing double standards which have handed them major trophies or permitted them to advance to the latter stages of finals tournaments.
Italy has received plenty of refereeing favours over the years, but we have to go all the way back to the 1934 World Cup to find the most flagrant examples, which delivered passage to the final and then the trophy itself.
The 1934 tournament was held in Mussolini's Italy, which speaks volumes about the possibilities for potential pro-Italian refereeing. This potential came to full fruition at the quarterfinals stage, where Italy met Spain.
The match was characterised by rough Italian play and ended in a 1-1 draw so, unlike today, it was replayed the next day. In this replay, Spain was denied a couple of sure penalties, while the Italians' brutality went through the roof, as they kicked their opponents to pieces with impunity. In the wake of his suspiciously "lax" performance in the replay, the Swiss referee Rene Mercet was subsequently suspended by the Swiss Football Association.
In the semi-final "refereed" by the openly biased Swede Ivan Eklind, Italy got past Austria via a single goal - which was "scored" when the Austrian goalkeeper was pushed back over the line while holding the ball.
Eklind also "officiated" in the final, as Italy faced Czechoslovakia. Yet again, the Italians were given free rein to foul at will. Despite engaging in remarkably vicious "tackling" and even punching their opponents, they remained unpunished. To top things off, Eklind failed to award the Czechoslovaks a definite penalty and Italy "won" 2-1 after extra time.
West Germany's "win" against Hungary in the final of the 1954 World Cup - played at the aptly-named Wankdorf Stadium and lovingly dubbed "The Miracle of Bern" by the German media - was mired in controversy. Funnily enough, all of the "controversial" decisions favoured the Germans...
Firstly, the Hungarian goalkeeper was fouled when Helmut Rahn "scored" West Germany's equaliser.
Secondly, with West Germany leading 3-2, Ferenc Puskas scored what observers deemed a legitimate goal in the 89th minute, only to have it eventually ruled out for offside. I say "eventually" because the Welsh linesman only raised his flag
just before the restart at the centre circle...
Thirdly, a final-minute foul on Sandor Kocsis in the penalty area went unpunished.
This was the first in a long succession of German teams to benefit from the inaction of referees and linesmen who were mysteriously "blind" to their dirty play.
Puskas' disallowed equaliser, alongside Toni Schumacher's foul on Patrick Battiston in 1982 and Diego Maradona's "Hand of God goal" against England in 1986 provided some of the most prominent examples of openly biased officiating in the history of international football, and definitely the most well-known in World Cup history.
It doesn't require too much imagination to realise that in the ideologically-charged post-World War Two climate, the propaganda value of a "fairy tale" win by the newly-reinstated West Germans was infinitely more palatable than a victory by the "Communist" Hungarians...
I mentioned Toni Schumacher's foul on Patrick Battiston at the 1982 World Cup in an earlier post, but that was not the only controversy the West German team was invoved in during that tournament, for there was also the infamous "fixed match" against Austria. This episode reveals a lot about the attitudes of the German players and management of the time who, in my opinion, constituted one of the greatest collections of arseholes that were ever involved in the sport. Karl-Heinz Rummenigge, Toni Schumacher, Paul Breitner (the loud-mouthed "Marxist" who nevertheless played for Real Madrid and accepted money from sponsors to shave his beard) and Lothar Matthaus were some of the most arrogant pricks in football history.
After publicly bragging that they'd effortlessly demolish Algeria in their opening group game, the Germans suffered a shock 2-1 loss. This immediately put them on the back foot as Austria won 1-0 against Chile. In the second matches West Germany beat Chile 4-1 while Austria defeated Algeria 2-0.
Back then, the final games in group formats weren't always played simultaneously - which led to some suspiciously "improbable" results. The most notable of those had occurred in the previous World Cup when hosts Argentina required a win by four clear goals against Peru in order to qualify for the final. Lo and behold, Argentina just happened to "win" 6-0...
Algeria and Chile therefore played their final match the day before the Germans and Austrians were due to meet. Algeria won 3-2, which meant that the group was very finely balanced.
Austria and Algeria were both on four points, with West Germany on two points. The Austrians' goal difference was 3, the Algerians' 0, while the Germans' was 2. This threw up the following permutations:
(A) A draw or an Austrian win would eliminate the Germans
(B) A German win by three or more goals would eliminate Austria both on goal difference or goals scored (West Germany and Algeria would progress)
(C) A German win by one or two goals would ensure both teams qualified and Algeria would be eliminated
The latter option naturally best suited the Germans and Austrians. As things went, the match just "happened" to finish in a 1-0 West German victory in what was clearly a fix. Following Horst Hrubesch's tenth minute goal the game petered out to nothing, with both sets of players passing the ball around harmlessly before pumping it into the opponent's half for the cycle to begin anew.
Both the German and Austrian fans were disgusted, as were the commentators - the Austrian commentator famously told viewers to turn off their televisions and proceeded to remain silent for the final half hour. Yet the Germans and Austrians were unapologetic, with West Germany coach Jupp Derwall summing things up in the post-match conference by saying that they wanted to progress to the next round, not to play football. The only positive which came out of this mess was that FIFA decided that in future the final matches in group stages would be played simultaneoulsy.
As a kid, this glaringly obvious display of cheating affected my outlook on the game which, even at that early age, was already tainted as I had read about the abovementioned 1954 World Cup final, the Internazionale fixes of the 1960s, as well as the Lobo affair of 1973 in which Juventus attempted to bribe the referee of the second leg of the European Cup semi-final against Derby County. The fact that in all of these instances nobody was ever punished said a lot about the shadowy side of the sport and I henceforth always viewed with suspicion decisions involving the "big" nations and clubs.
Speaking of the 1982 World Cup, I recall being utterly devastated when Zbigniew Boniek, Poland's best player, was given a yellow card in the 88th minute of the final second round match against the Soviet Union. This was his second yellow card of the tournament and ruled him out of the semi-final - in which Poland was to face the winner of the match between
Italy and
Brazil (which, of course, turned out to be eventual champions Italy). The referee was a certain Scotsman by the name of Bob Valentine - the same man who had officiated in the fixed match between West Germany and Austria...