As the growing influence of
National Socialism became ever more threatening, its founders decided to prepare to move the Institute out of the country.[SUP]
[12][/SUP] Following
Adolf Hitler's rise to power in 1933, the Institute left Germany for
Geneva, before moving to
New York City in 1935, where it became affiliated with
Columbia University. Its journal
Zeitschrift für Sozialforschung was accordingly renamed
Studies in Philosophy and Social Science. It was at this moment that much of its important work began to emerge, having gained a favorable reception within American and English
academia. Horkheimer, Adorno and Pollock eventually resettled in
West Germany in the early 1950s, although Marcuse, Lowenthal, Kirchheimer and others chose to remain in the United States. It was only in 1953 that the Institute was formally re-established in Frankfurt.[SUP]
[13][/SUP]